ࡱ> @ bjbjFF 0,,::::$^$<hLW;Y;Y;Y;Y;Y;Y;$x=R?};};;B&&&.W;&W;&&t7: `/:"'9,C;;<<S9d@d@X:d@:\&[I};};6 6  PRESS RELEASE Issue date: June 5, 2006 Are entrepreneurs born or made? Could the winner of the BBC programme The Apprentice have been selected on the basis of her genes or are there other factors involved in making people entrepreneurial? According to new research our genes are crucial in determining whether we are entrepreneurial and likely to become self employed. A unique collaborative study between the Twin Research Unit at St Thomas Hospital, London, the Tanaka School of Business at Imperial College, London and The Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA, concluded that nearly half (48%) of an individual's propensity to become self-employed is due to genetic factors. According to the research, contrary to previous beliefs, family environment and upbringing have little influence on whether a person becomes self employed or not. The study looked at self-employment in 609 pairs of identical twins and 657 pairs of same-sex non-identical twins in the UK. Identical twins share all their genes while non-identical twins share, on average, about half. The rate of entrepreneurship among twins is the same as across the general population. But researchers looked at whether one twin being an entrepreneur increased the chance of their co-twin becoming an entrepreneur. By comparing the difference in concordance rates between identical and non-identical twins they are able to establish the importance of genetic and environmental factors. The concordance within the identical twins group was greater than for the non-identical twin group which suggests that genes are important. Professor Tim Spector, director of the Twin Research Unit at St Thomas, explains: This relatively high heritability suggests the importance of considering genetic factors to explain why some people are entrepreneurial, while others are not. The research is important for business schools and employers who in the future could identify ways of selecting those who were most likely to succeed. Evidence has shown that genetic factors influence a variety of business-related areas from job satisfaction to vocational interests and work values. But the role of genetic factors in explaining the tendency of people to engage in entrepreneurial activity has not been explored. Although entrepreneurs are vital to the economy, as they create wealth and jobs, no-one knows precisely what drives people to become an entrepreneur. Until now, it has been assumed that the tendency to engage in entrepreneurial activity is explained by learned individual difference or factors relating to a persons situation. The authors propose that there are several ways that genetic factors might influence peoples tendency to become entrepreneurs. This includes a predisposition to develop traits such as being sociable and extroverted which, in turn, can facilitate skills such as salesmanship which is crucial to entrepreneurial success. Although this research does not pinpoint the specific genes responsible for entrepreneurship it enables research to proceed to identify them. The twin unit at St Thomas is the home of the UK twin registry and is always looking for more adult twin volunteers (male and female) to help with studies into common diseases and behaviours. To volunteer please phone: 020 7188 5555 or website:  HYPERLINK "http://www.twinsUK.ac.uk" www.twinsUK.ac.uk - ends - Note to editors: Is the tendency to engage in self-employment genetic? A collaborative studybetween Lynn Cherkas, Janice Hunkin and Tim Spector of the Twin Research &Genetic Epidemiology Unit at St Thomas' Hospital, London, Nicos Nicolaou, lecturer in entrepreneurship at the Tanaka Schoool of Business of Imperial College, London, and Scott Shane, Mixon Professor of Entrepreneurial Studies atthe Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland. The paper was presented at the London Business School on May 22, 2006. Contact: Catriona Richardson, communications manager, Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust tel: 020 7188 5577 or e-mail:  HYPERLINK "mailto:catriona.richardson@gstt.nhs.uk" catriona.richardson@gstt.nhs.uk Out of hours, please call the hospital switchboard on 020 7188 7188 and ask for the site nurse practitioner. Guys and St Thomas provides million patient contacts in acute and specialist hospital services every year. As one of the biggest NHS Trusts in the UK, it employs over 8,500 staff. The Trust also works in partnership with the Schools of Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing and Biomedical Sciences of Kings College London and other Higher Education Institutes to deliver high quality education and research. 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